Experience & self awareness Essay

In addition to my work experience, I have strong communication, customer service, office, and administrative skills and understand with the education theory from some of my modules I completed and have so much passion for the hospitality/tourism field. I am more than happy to learn new skills as this will help me gain experience for my future career and would be thrilled to work for a successful firm like Holiday Inn. Furthermore I can assure you my service will be of benefit ,I certainly look forward to hearing back from you soon. 1. Kathy lacked sufficient emotional intelligence to be effective in her new project manager assignment by Self awareness: Kathy had a deep understanding of her strength not her weakness to have time to talk to her staff. There was also lack of empathy as she failed to have the â€Å"ability to recognise the feelings and expectations of others and take them into consideration† as they were also local residents. Poor relationship with the staff resulted to â€Å"a campaign of passive resistance to her leadership†. 2. The element she exhibit successfully were: †¢Motivation: although the project became quickly bogged due to poor performance she still managed to motivate herself and â€Å"pushed her team hard†. Also by settling goals for staff and senior members of the project to â€Å"work long hours† to accomplish important milestones in order to complete the assignment. B. Main methods of communication include: Verbal communication either through sound, work or speaking to other members of the project or recorded clips of the senior members. Also Written communication either emailing or letters with the use of computers and internet for emails. In addition visual communication through graphs from excel or video clips on YouTube or television therefore contributing to the IT and applications. C. 5 Traits of emotional intelligence me: Self awareness: In high school was given a presentation on Kidneys, a sensitive topic managed to trust my intuition& took control of my emotions as that was my weakness. Self regulation: one of my cousins used my bag without asking, i had to think of how I was going to talk to them instead of fighting. Motivation: When given 2 or more assignments during college treated myself if i finished a day before the deadline& the days increased as the year progressed. Empathy: when my friend lost her job& i had just got a job I helped her with some of her bills as I had been in a similar situation before. Social skills: I managed to build a good relationship with my new workmates as well as maintaining one with my friends and family.

Then and Now Essays

Then and Now Essays Then and Now Essay Then and Now Essay Now and Then Interview â€Å"Times sure have changed† is a quote that comes to mind when thinking of the different between being an adolescent today compared to being an adolescent sixty years ago. To find out more about the differences I was able to speak with a male, currently age 82, and a female age 18. I am familiar with both of these individuals one, a close friend of the family, and my cousin’s daughter was able to answer some questions for me also. These two people both grew up in the United States. The eighty-two year old lived in Kentucky as an adolescent. The eighteen year old currently resides in Arkansas. Times have changed and I learned a little about just how much in speaking with my willing participants. These two people from such different times in this country taught me quite a bit about how things are different than they were sixty years ago. When speaking with the elderly gentleman I found he spoke of his adolescents as a working time in his life. He wasn’t able to attend high school because World War II started. His father owned a saw mill and needed help making railroad ties for the government. He gave up going to school for working six days a week, 10 hour days in the saw mill, in addition to the home chores he had to do before and after work to help keep his household going. This compares drastically to the current adolescent I spoke to. Things are much different today in age than they were back then. The adolescent of today is graduating high school this month, where she was able to take medical classes along with her college prep classes. This subject works 25-30 hours per week at a local fast food restaurant, but by her own choice. One major difference between these two besides the importance of education is that the eighty-two year old did not get paid a wage to work 50 hours a week. He worked to help out his family, not to earn a wage. This gentleman was content to be given enough money to go the movies most weekends. He didn’t expect to receive a paycheck for the work he did. In speaking with the elderly individual I didn’t get a feeling that working at such a young age adversely affected his vocational identity. He worked because it was what he had to do. Working from such a young age in his home doing mandatory chores, and additionally having to work outside the home to help his father gave him a strong work ethic. Even though he is retired, this gentleman still lives alone, owns three vehicles, which he does all basic maintenance himself. Reading from the text book on page 419, the author makes it seem that working at a young age can harm an adolescent. This goes against my personal beliefs and what I found in doing these interviews, going to school and working helped both of my interview subjects, and from my own personal experience, it gave even me a better sense of responsibility and expectation for becoming an adult. From questions about school and job situations I moved into asking these individuals about the relationships they have or had with their parents. Neither subject spoke of conflicts with their parents. They both shared that their parents trust them to make correct decisions. The elderly man shared that his community was small, so his parents would warn that if he did something wrong it would get back to them. He claimed that he and his siblings knew to â€Å"just be a good citizen,† and if they did something wrong not only would their parents find out, but neighbors would correct them verbally if they were found to do something inappropriate, â€Å"it was a neighborhood kind of thing. When speaking to the current adolescent she shared that her household rules include only a curfew, dressing appropriately, not being allowed to be home alone with her boyfriend, or have him in her bedroom. Other than not being permitted to do drugs or alcohol, she said her father doesn’t place as many restrictions on her because he knows he can trust her to make good decisions. It seems both people were able to gain the trust and re spect of their parents by the time they were adolescence, keeping the conflict that can arise to a minimum. From conflicts in the home we spoke about what types of activities they do/did in their free time. This doesn’t seem to have changed much over the years. Both said they would just hang out with their friends wherever they were able to. Sixty years ago it was more outside and at Church. Today with transportation being easier things have shifted some to being â€Å"at each other’s houses, going to the mall, (we go to) Wal-Mart a lot. † Per the conversation I had with the youth of today. Though the locations are different, the time spent is similar enough. Peer selection was based on who they went to school or Church with, who was around them on a regular basis to gain that friendship with. I did notice that the current teenager shared she has had several boyfriends, where the elderly man advised he didn’t have a girlfriend until he was able to get a car of his own, which wasn’t until he was in his 20’s. This makes it appear that transportation makes dating easier. Though, he did share that walking a girl home from Church â€Å"was special. The actions are different from sixty years ago to today when adolescents spend free time with each other, but that’s to be expected with transportation and the amount of activities available increasing with technology. In closing, I found that both interview subjects were helpful in showing how the experience of being an adolescent has changed from sixty years ago to today. People still react to the environment around them. If a child is raised in a home where work is ex pected and no other option is given, they will most likely become a hard worker. Gender roles have changed and both people I spoke with mentioned something about how things are different now for women. It used to be women took care of the household, so when the eighty-two year old got married he expected his wife to stay home and take care of the house as his mother had. When she got a part time job after their kids were in school, he was upset by it, but allowed it. The young lady I spoke to provides money to her father for her vehicle payment, for her use of a cellular phone, and to help pay for their cable bill. She plans to attend college and become a teacher, which is the career she has chosen for herself. This is something she will expect any future spouse to be accepting of. Times have changed, and the roles men and women play have changed also. I learned more than I thought I would, but also found that some things haven’t changed, and I hope they never do. References Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span, 7th edition. New York, NY: Worth, P, 416-425. Lambert, A. (2010, April 27). Telephone interview. Picklesimer, E. (2010, May 1). Telephone interview.

Essay on Morality Research of Moral Pluralism Based on 3 Principles

Essay on Morality Research of Moral Pluralism Based on 3 Principles The greatest gift of human rationality is morality. The establishment of morality is based on the recognition that every human has a general set of basic needs to lead a life free of physical and psychological suffering. In Moral Relativism, Moral Diversity and Human Rights, James Kellenberger addresses different sorts of theories of morality, such as moral absolutism, moral pluralism, and moral relativism. Before I take any position on the issues raised by the differences between these various approaches, I need to offer a definition of morality. Morality, in the context of these different kinds of theories, can be defined only descriptively in relation to its purpose and to its function. Metaphysical questions such as Is morality an absolute truth? (which are not in the scope of this essay) are in fact, beyond comprehension by mere reasoning and argumentation. People can only try to provide different answers based on their own assumptions, faiths, experiences and intuitions. Thus, morality, in the most practical sense, is a tool or way of life used to promote the common good of human beings and eliminate harmful actions that bring negative consequences in life, goals based on the principle of reciprocity and empathy, and a set of universally recognized human needs and capabilities. In line with such grounding, I find that among different types of moral theories, moral pluralism can best serve the universal needs and well being of human kind. Pluralism recognizes that there is a plurality of moral points of view, and affirms that, among many moral points of view, no one is clearly superior to another. Yet, it insists on a certain set of context-independent values and an objectivity in judging value conflicts that is not determined by groups conventions or individual attitudes. However, the pluralistic nature of this theory and the fact that no complete objectivity is possible could be sources of its fallacies when it is put into practice. No one can be completely objective in their judgments because every human being possesses different perceptions and principles of life that contribute to personal bias. Thus, to avoid these possible sources of error, moral pluralism needs to be governed by three principles: 1) an unambiguous categorization of moral values, 2) the establishment of a minimalist common ground, and 3) a flexibility with regard to the prioritization of moral values. A clear and unambiguous categorization of values that are strictly moral in nature is essential as the founding basis of moral pluralism. Moral values should be strictly distinguished from other categories of values such as cultural norms or community values. Moral values, in their essence, should be geared only towards the goal of fulfilling universal needs of well being that are not governed by cultural practices or norms. For example, the prohibition against arbitrary killing can safely be categorized as a moral value. However, values such as that women are supposed to wear dresses can only be categorized as cultural norms. Even socio-political values like unity and collectivity are only conventional and cannot be strictly termed as moral values. The lack of strict categorization of moral values, I believe, is one of the biggest problems to be resolved even before the debates between different moral theories can continue. One common flaw among several forms of moral relativism is the failure to draw such clear distinctions between different categories of values. For instance, conventionalist relativism claims that secondary values are considered as relative and are dependent on conventions or social norms. In this context, secondary values are no longer strictly moral, but adulterated by other categories of values which are non-moral. Similarly, perspectivist relativism proposes that primary values have associated benefits and harms' that may be physiological (e.g., food and nature), psychological (e.g., love and humiliation), and social (e.g., respect and exploitation). It is easy to see that there are very blurry lines between physiological needs, social values, and moral values. In Problems of Moral Philosophy, Ralph Barton Perry addresses the phenomenon of arbitrary categorization of values by pointing out a distinction between the question: What does value mean? and the question: What things have value? Analogously, the statement that peace is a condition in which societies abstain from the use of violence in settling their disputes is different from the statement that the world is (or is not) now at peace. Too often, because of such an ambiguity in distinguishing the nuances between definitions, cultural beliefs and physical needs are arbitrarily lumped into subcategories of moral values. Equivocal overlapping of cultural values, community values, and moral values only jeopardizes the applicability of moral pluralism. Such a failure encourages abuse of the theory to justify actions for pure individual interests or social conventions. For example, in Jordan, women are tortured in the name of committing immoral acts when they are found to be talking to male strangers, even though the action of talking to male stranger could be intrinsically non-moral. Thus, it is important to draw a clear boundary between pluralistic moral values and other categories of values, such as cultural pluralism or religious pluralism. The establishment of a minimalist common ground is another important principle in the application of moral pluralism. A minimalist common ground requires that ethics be reduced to its most basic elements, those that are required for every human to behave ethically. Such a methodology is crucial especially in response to a pluralist society today. Before I further reinforce my claim, it is important to recognize a limit of the theory of minimalist ethics. One of the possible fallacies of minimalist ethics is that it implies that an action is ethical as long as it does not hurt anybody. The simplistic and consequentialist nature of this school of ethics provides loopholes for actions done for pure self-interest that indirectly bring negative consequences for others. Thus, the minimalist approach should only be interpreted as a methodology, not as a moral guidance. It is imperative that the minimalist ground should not be manipulated as the sole justification for all kinds of actions. How should a minimalist common ground be established to reinforce the applicability of moral pluralism? We should recognize that no single individual or group has precisely the same perception of truth and reality due to the differences in religious faith, personal experience and other factors. Just as cognitive relativism embraces moral relativism, cognitive diversity promotes different applications of moral values. In moral pluralism, the stress on certain context-independent values requires a certain level of cognitive agreement. To achieve such an agreement, it is pertinent to use a minimalist approach to establish a limit to the scope of acceptable moral grounds among diverse cultures. Such a limit signifies the line between ungrounded perspective (such as superstitions) and rational logic that is based on empirical examination and truths. The truths that are derived empirically, when combined with rationality and universally recognized moral values, form a solid minimalist grou ndwork. William James, a modern advocate of pragmatism, synthesizes the best elements of Empiricism and Idealism. He opposes the prevailing notion of his academic colleagues that only scientific methods can lead to an understanding of the human condition, yet, criticizes any extreme reliance on logic as the sole basis of philosophical truth. In line with his philosophy, the powerful combination of empirical truth and philosophical logic excludes ungrounded practices that are against common humanity. For example, in Southern Sudan, the practice of sacrificing the spear master by the Dinkas became completely unjustified when the tribe survived after the practice was outlawed. Thus, cognitive or cultural perceptions, which deviate from the examined truth and accepted rationality, should be excluded from the common ground. Apart from that, to ensure moral progress, the common ground requires that context-independent values not only supercede cultural practices, but also serve to reform the culture itself. Such a purpose should not be misunderstood as a form of ethnocentrism, which is the point of view that ones own way of life is to be preferred to all others. As John Kekes explains, for pluralism, moral progress occurs with a closer approximation of valued possibilities not just for one particular point of view but for humanity as a whole. Thus, in conclusion, moral pluralism needs a realistic common ground that is based on human beings basic needs, rationality and empirically examined truth. A flexibility with regard to the prioritization of moral values is another principle that should be emphasized to ensure that the goal of the common good be achieved. In Morality, Diversity and Human Rights, Kellenberger explains, For monismtheres only one and only one true ranking. For pluralism, there is a plurality of reasonable rankings in the light of different equally reasonable conceptions of good life. Thus, values that are prioritized in moral pluralism should be distinguished from the pre-established overriding values in moral absolutism or moral monism. The central claim of moral pluralism that there is not a single moral value that is superior to others, should not be seem as justifying the claim that there is no possibility of assigning priority among different moral values according to different contexts. The prioritization of moral values requires an ability to perceive the greatest good and act wisely. Admittedly, such an approach tends to borrow a shade of pragmatism the doctrine that a statement is true and meaningful according to the practical results that would be experienced if that statement were acted upon. However, it is important to recognize that such a flexibility should not be equalized with the extreme form of pragmatism, which normally involves an attempt to wipe out the distinction between different kinds of truths. For a pragmatist, an action is not true because it corresponds to reality; therefore, there is no need to worry what sort of reality that makes that action the right one to perform. Moral pluralism has its metaphysical forms and does not deny the distinction between objective reality and ultimate reality. A flexibility in prioritizing moral values is an antidote of the Kantian principle of the absolute moral law or the assumption of an absolute moral law. The French  utilitarian Benjamin Constant asks Kant to consider whether, in Kants mind, it would not be right to lie to a murderer who asks whether ones friend, who he means to kill, is hiding in ones house. Kant sticks with his opinion and responds that To be truthful (honest) in all declarations, therefore, is a sacred and absolutely commanding decree of reason, limited by no expediency,16 including human life. Such an over-rigid adherence to a single moral  value. Truthfulness defeats the whole purpose of  morality to promote good and eliminate evil. In Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, Joram Graf Haber holds the position that one should be truthful to the murderer under whatsoever circumstances. He argues: If by telling a lie you have prevented murder, you have made yourself legally responsible for all the conseq uences; but if you have held vigorously to the truth, public justice can lay no hand on you, whatever the unforeseen circumstances may be. To me, it is not reasonable to cause an atrocity simply to avoid public responsibility. In fact, to achieve the greater good, it is justified that an individual ould prioritize his or her responsibilities to prevent inhumane acts and protect the good (innocence), with due consideration of the risks and possible consequences. It is important to make a clear distinction between the concept of the greater good, as employed in this theory of ethics, and that of the same term in utilitarianism. In utilitarianism, no actions are intrinsically right or wrong as long as the goal of an action is to achieve the greatest happiness. John Stuart Mill, in Utilitarianism, says, The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. In the concept of prioritizing moral values, one important basis is preserving the goodness and eliminating the evil. Happiness or pleasure is not the sole and ultimate motivation of action. In conclusion, moral pluralism stands out among all types of moral theories presented by Kellenberger. Understanding Kants concept that we will never be able to see the noumena but can only base our principles upon phenomena, I refuse to embrace moral absolutism. This theory leaves the question of what absolute moral command is founded on open and unanswered. Yet, the nature of moral relativism as over-tolerating (all perspectives are equally valid), makes it unrealistic and dysfunctional in reaching the goal of the common good of human kind. This theory denies the fact that judgements are crucial in ensuring social order and harmony. Among all categorizations of moral theories, only moral pluralisms reasonable balance of objectivity, diversity and universality ensures its survival in different cultural, social and spiritual contexts. However, there are still some possible sources of error when moral pluralism is applied in daily life, such as the impossibility of claiming total obje ctivity and the lack of a clear categorization of values that are intrinsically moral. Thus, the three principles proposed above, namely, the unambiguous categorization of moral values, the establishment of a minimalist common ground, and a flexibility with regard to the prioritizing of moral values, must be understood and integrated, to increase the applicability and universality of moral pluralism.

Ann Arbor Probation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ann Arbor Probation - Essay Example Due to this department being a state agency it reports directly to the governor and as a result, is indirectly influenced by citizen voters. This influence, fortunately, does not affect the day to day workings of the probation department. Management of the field operations administration falls directly on the correctional facilities management administration and then back to the director’s office. The political aspects rarely directly affect the workings of the probation department in this respect. The strengths of a tall hierarchy as seen in our local probation department is that they have the full power of the state of Michigan supporting their decisions and a clear chain of command allowing for a much better approach regarding efficiency. The weaknesses would originate from the political side and could potentially cause disruptions in service if allowed to directly affect the daily working of the department itself. Given the insulating effect of multiple layers of structure, the political leadership is, however, hampered in its ability to truly affect change at a base level within the organization itself. Would it be possible for this agency to move to a flat hierarchy and still maintain positive control of the daily workings within the department, the short answer would seem to be no. However, if the flat hierarchy was approached with a private mentality looking to a profit based outlay the possibilities begin to open up. For instance, using a flat hierarchy and a profit based structure for employees and management one could potentially prevent loss of command control through the use of financial motivation among the staff and individuals working there. The idea would be to base bonuses on a net profit/loss approach and drive productivity to reflect a desire for additional money.

Organized Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Organized Crime - Assignment Example The criminal organization is also known as underworld, mob or crime syndicate. This research paper would not only highlight different aspects of organized crime but shall even reflect upon the importance of waterways or ports. Organized crime is a specific category of crime and is highly distinguishable from financial crimes, white-collar crimes, war crimes, treason, state crimes and political crimes. There are measures being undertaken to safeguard countries from such organized crimes but support from higher authorities tends to increase the frequency of organized crime. Illegal drugs are transported through ports or waterways which forms an integral part of organized crime. High-profit margins are secured through transportation of drugs to various locations. On the other hand, illegal ammunition is also transported through waterways. This, in turn, enhances the strength of criminals and increases adverse impacts created by organized crime. Decreased level of inspection has facilita ted vulnerability of ports. Spatial characteristics and physical layout of ports are highly challenging in terms of law enforcement. The research aim of a study sets forth the purpose of any particular research study. This paper would aim at analyzing the significance of waterways or ports in organized crime. Waterways are always considered to be an ideal medium through which goods or services are transported to different locations. However, this form of transportation medium holds a great deal of significance within organized crime. Illegal activities are easily executed with the support of these mediums. Corruption or smuggling are vital components of organized crime and is exhibited with the support of waterways or ports. Research objectives for this study are – Thesis statement of the research study is – â€Å"ways in which organized crime operates in waterways and port areas.† This statement forms the basis of any research study and outcomes are based on th is thesis statement.

Financial data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial data analysis - Essay Example Likewise tools to predict the stock price of the companies, there are certain tools which specifically used to predict the price of a region or a city (Carcello J et al., 2010). The prices pertain to the Wheat Kansas is comparatively higher than that of the Wheat No. 2 Soft Red in almost all the time period. Lots of fluctuation has been found among the prices of both of the prices of the wheat. The average price of Wheat 2, Soft Red is $ 630.48 while the average price of Hard Kansas is $ 860.054. The average price movement for Soft Red Wheat is -0.10744% while the average movement of Hard Kansas is -0.07618. Standard Deviation which is one of the most important things from the aspect of finance and statistics is also applied on the same. From the analysis, it is found that the deviation from the mean for Red Wheat is 4.51%, while it is 3.45% for Hard Kansas. It means that the price of Hard Kansas is comparatively less risky than that of Red Wheat in total. Every organisation runs for the sake of economic profit and to do the same, different actions and strategies would certainly take into consideration. Organisations are of different kinds and there would be different strategies would be applied for enhancing the revenue of the companies (Borodovsky & Gogarten, 2010). Economic downturns and external pressures are always difficult for the companies as a whole because it relates to both short and long term economic prosperity of the companies as a whole. From last few years, the stance of organisations and its productivity are quite blurred merely because of the economic crisis and high external pressure were on a higher side at that time. Finance is a big field, in which there are number of things present and everything has its own importance and significance. There are certain things that come under the ambit of finance and among them; the name of forecasting is one of

Trying to Understand Catch 22 by Joseph Heller Essay Example for Free

Trying to Understand Catch 22 by Joseph Heller Essay Catch 22 is a satirical war novel that was written in the 1950’s, but was published in 1961. Joseph Heller, the American author, was known for his novels to represent a comic vision of modern society with serious moral connections. His major theme throughout his writing is the conflict that occurs when individuals interact with such powerful institutions, such as: corporations, the military, and the government. Catch 22 was written in the post modernism era of the literature timeline. In the 1950’s, the Korean War was beginning, World War II ended, and Castro became the dictator of Cuba. All of these events had an influence on Heller as he was writing this novel about the WWII bombardier, Yossarian, and his struggle to stay sane with bombs bursting all around him. Chapter 1: The Texan * Summary: Yossarian is hiding from the war in a hospital ward with a â€Å"liver disease† when he meets Dunbar, the bigoted Texan, and the soldier in white. * The Texan: an obnoxious patient that annoys all the patients in the ward and talks to the soldier in white all the time. * â€Å"You fellas are crazy† (Heller 11) Chapter 2: Clevinger * Summary: Yossarian is paranoid about the crazy people in the camp: Havermeyer, McWatt, Orr, and Nately; but, Clevinger insists Yossarian is the crazy one and Doc Daneeka cannot and will not release him because Cathcart raised the missions yet again. * Clevinger: An ingenious Harvard graduate who is the first to call Yossarian crazy. He is picked on in cadet training by lieutenant Scheisskopf, who brings him up on contrived charges before the action board. He is presumed dead when his plane crashes. * â€Å"Who’s they?.. Who, specifically, do you think is trying to murder you?† (Heller 17) Chapter 3: Havermeyer * Summary: Yossarian is accompanied by a dead soldier in his tent (Mudd), Orr, and Hungry Joe who are driving him crazy, but Doc Daneeka still refuses to diagnose Yossarian as crazy in order to send him home; telling him he needs be more like Havermeyer. * Havermeyer: The best bombardier in the whole squadron. He loves peanut brittle, never misses a target, and never takes evasive action. Doc Daneeka told Yossarian to become more like Havermeyer. * â€Å" Chapter 4: Doc Daneeka * Summary: Yossarian argues with Hungry Joe, trying to explain that he is the crazy one, when Doc Daneeka begins to ponder why he of all the doctors was forced to deal with these babbling buffoons. * Doc Daneeka: A flight surgeon who resents his position and is bitter about the war taking away his practice in the states. Doc Daneeka is the one who explains catch 22. He is afraid to fly, so has McWatt sign his name. McWatt’s plane crashed, and people believed he was dead. * â€Å"I’m not on the plane.† (Heller 339) Chapter 5: Chief White Halfoat * Summary: Doc Daneeka was yearning for his practice back home and explains to Yossarian that catch 22 prevents him from grounding him when Chief White Halfoat enters the tent to begin telling stories of before the war; expressing his hate for the white men that kicked him and his family from home to home because of the unearthing of oil. * Chief White Halfoat: A Native American chief is the intelligence officer. He despises white men for kicking him off his home settlements and claims he will die of pneumonia, and he jokingly says he will slit his throat. Chapter 6: Hungry Joe * Summary: Hungry Joe had his way with the prostitutes in Rome, had flown the most missions in the in the whole squadron, and had horrible nightmares resulting with bone chilling screams, but Doc Daneeka, despite Yossarian’s despondent pleas, could not even declare Hungry Joe as crazy thanks to catch 22. * Hungry Joe: Hungry Joe is the soldier with the most missions flown in the entire squadron, but his orders to return home never come. He has horrible nightmares that cause him to scream in horror, however, he is very good with the whores in Rome. He dies one night in his sleep because Huple’s cat suffocated him. Chapter 7: McWatt * Summary: McWatt is Yossarian’s pilot whose bed sheet was stolen by Milo Minderbender, the new mess officer that is involved in black market deals and Yossarian becomes his new friend that he confides in about these actions. * McWatt: McWatt is a cheerful pilot who often flies Yossarian’s planes, but he likes to joke around a lot, such as buzzing the beaches. One day sliced Kid Sampson in half, and flew into a mountain immediately afterwards. Chapter 8: Lieutenant Scheisskopf * Summary: Yossarian has an affair with Lieutenant Scheisskopf’s wife, but he is too obsessed with trying to beat Clevinger in the weekly parades and finally wins two years in a row; ending Scheisskopf’s precious parades. * Lieutenant Scheisskopf: Lieutenant Scheisskopf was the colonel that trained Yossarian’s squadron in America and is fascinated with the military parades, and later on, he is promoted to general due to a misunderstanding of memos by General Peckem. Chapter 9: Major Major Major Major * Summary: Major is a man who was promoted to squadron commander, but rather than helping his reputation, it made him resort to being a recluse; until Yossarian tackled him in the woods. * Major Major: Major Major is very shy, awkward, and submissive. He resembles Henry Fonda and was promoted to squadron commander, which made the soldiers loathe him, causing him to become reclusive and distancing himself from the others. Chapter 10: Wintergreen * Summary: Yossarian tells ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen, a loser forced to dig punishment holes for going AWOL, about Clevenger’s disappearance, and Dr. Stubbs snickers at the fact everyone sees Yossarian as crazy because he may be the last one in the camp that is sane. * Wintergreen: Ex- P.F.C. Wintergreen was a mail clerk at the Air Force Headquarters, but Wintergreen refuses to go to work; resulting in his rank being stripped and digging punishment hole. Chapter 11: Captain Black * Summary: Major Major was chosen as the new squadron commander over Captain Black, and Captain Black created the Glorious Loyalty Oath Crusade to make all the men miserable until Major de Coverley returns and puts an end to the crusade. * Captain Black: Captain Black is the squadron’s intelligence officer, but he longs to become the squadron commander. He adores watching his men suffer and taunts them just to be a jerk. Chapter 12: Bologna * Summary: Yossarian moves the bomb line on the map over night to avoid the mission to Bologna and results with General Peckem receiving a medal, the men getting drunk, stealing a car, and Clevenger returning back to the camp; fussing at the men when the stolen car flips. Chapter 13: Major de Coverley * Summary: Major de Coverley rents apartments for all the enlisted men and officers to retreat to when on leave and has a transparent eye patch, but Yossarian’s team that went to bomb the bridge in Bologna all missed their target; resulting in a second trip that has to be covered up. * Major de Coverley: Everyone idolizes and fears Major de Coverly. He also rents apartments for men on their rest leaves. Chapter 14: Kid Sampson * Summary: Yossarian ordered Kid Sampson to turn the plane around in Bologna because of a â€Å"defective intercom,† and when they return safely back to base, Yossarian sneaks away to the beach for a nap when he realizes that the planes that were his companions left once more. * Kid Sampson: Kid Sampson was a pilot in Yossarian’s squadron. He was sliced in half on the beach as a result of McWatt’s reckless flying. Chapter 15: Piltchard and Wren * Summary: Following Captains Piltchard and Wren request that no one decides to leave the mission for no reason, Yossarian begins to panic over Bologna because of the flack and tells McWatt to drop the bomb and leave as fast as he could when he noticed his fellow planes were missing, but when he returned home, he finds missing his comrades, begins to feel relieved, and leaves to Rome to find Luciana. * Piltchard and Wren: Captain Piltchard and Captain Wren are the joint squadron operation officers. They love to fly missions. Chapter 16: Luciana * Summary: Luciana was a whore in Rome that mooched off of Yossarian, a man jealous of the women magnet, Aarfy, and Coronel Cathcart raised the missions again to 40. * Luciana: A beautiful young girl that lives in Rome. She and Yossarian have an affair, and he impulsively asks her to marry him. Instead of saying yes, she gives him her address, and Yossarian rips it up and regrets it later. * â€Å"You don’t want to sleep with me?† (Heller 154) Chapter 17: The Soldier in White * Summary: Yossarian returns to the hospital once again to seek a safe haven from the brutality of the war when he encounters the soldier in white, a helpless body encased in white gauze, but Dunbar, maddened by malaria, creates a ruckus about the sheathed soldier. * The Soldier in White: The soldier in white is a broken soldier who is encased in a full body cast. The nurses must do everything for him, and Dunbar makes a huge commotion over him. Chapter 18: The Soldier Who Saw Everything * Summary: The hospital staff are irritated because there is nothing wrong with Yossarian because he is faking his liver condition, but one day another soldier claims he is seeing doubles; giving Yossarian the idea to copy his illness. Chapter 19: Coronel Cathcart * Summary: Colonel Cathcart will do anything to become general and wants to be famous (mentioned in newspaper), so he calls in the chaplain to â€Å"pray† without bringing religion into the act to make him famous. The chaplain tells Coronel Cathcart the missions are beginning to reach a ridiculous height. * Colonel Cathcart: Coronal Cathcart is the commanding colonel who yearns to be general. Colonel Cathcart is the main antagonist of the novel because he volunteers his men for dangerous missions and constantly raises the number of missions needed to be dismissed. * â€Å"He’s the best damned bombardier we’ve got.† (Heller 29) Chapter 20: Corporal Whitcomb * Summary: Corporal Whitcomb talked to a CID man, who was investigating the big â€Å"Washington Irving† scandal, and blames the chaplain of signing â€Å"Washington Irving† on some of the censored letters and documents and stealing Coronel Cathcart’s plum tomato. * Corporal Whitcomb: Corporal Whitcomb it the chaplain’s assistant, and he is later promoted to sergeant. He blames the chaplain for being a roadblock in his career, and tells the CID men that the chaplain was the one signing â€Å"Washington Irving† and who stole Colonel Cathcart’s plume tomato. * â€Å"I threw it away as soon as I tore it open and read it.† (Heller 275) Chapter 21: General Dreedle * Summary: General Dreedle has no tolerance for Yossarian or his son-in-law; however, he does have his own nurse that the men always stare at; irritating General Dreedle. * General Dreedle: General Dreedle is in charge of the wing containing Yossarian’s squadron. General Peckem is always trying to over throw General Dreedle; annoying him tremendously. Chapter 22: Milo the Mayor * Summary: Milo became the mayor of Palermo because he managed to manipulate the economy of Palermo to put them on the map along with Malta, Oran, and Cairo; and, Milo puts Yossarian to work hauling bananas, another of his black market crops. Chapter 23: Nately’s Old Man * Summary: The nasty old man in Rome is the same man who threw the puncturing rose Major de Coverley’s eye, and he believes Italy will triumph over America and Nately argues about his political values. Nately realizes his whore is missing. * Old Man: This old man is a very disgusting old man in Rome. He is the man responsible for throwing the rose that abolished Major de Coverley’s eye. He does not side with the Americans at all, and believes the Italians will be triumphant. This old man is an important character because he is the one who argues with Nately about political beliefs. Chapter 24: Milo * Summary: Milo is so blinded by his want for profit that he will do anything for a profit, such as selling his surplus of Egyptian cotton to the U. S. like Yossarian had suggested. * Milo Minderbinder: Milo is the mess hall officer who creates a colossal black market scandal to bring in vast amounts of profits. He is so successful in dealing with other countries even, that he was elected to several public offices within the countries he dealt with. Milo desires his profit so much that he even makes a deal with the Germans to bomb his own unit for profit. * â€Å"In a democracy, the government is the people.† (Heller 259) Chapter 25: The Chaplain * Summary: The chaplain is a massive pushover that will not stand up for himself and is â€Å"unimportant† to the new Sergeant Whitcomb. * Chaplain A. T. Tappman: Anabaptist minister who is shy and pushed arpund by almost all the officials and even Whitcomb, his assistant. He changes from the beginning on the novel when he is super shy never say anything to the end of the novel when he tells Coronel Cathcart the number of missions are too high and the burst of confidence he received from Yossarian leaving to Sweden. Chapter 26: Aarfy * Summary: Aarfy was on the plane with Yossarian and simply watched Yossarian bleed due to the shot in his thigh rather than helping, but McWatt rushed to help the bleeding captain. * Aarfy: Captain Aardvark is Captain Yossarian’s navigator, however, he has no sense of direction. Aarfy is completely oblivious to the calls of his flight crew for help when Yossarian wounded his leg. He is an ex-fraternity boy who brags about not having to pay for the sex given from the whores in Rome. * â€Å"I don’t think we’re at the target yet. Are we?† (Heller 30) Chapter 27: Nurse Duckett * Summary: Yossarian and Dunbar harass Nurse Duckett and are fussed at, resulting in them being forced to talk to the psychiatrist, Major Sanderson; Yossarian making up diseases as they talk. * Nurse Duckett: Nurse Duckett is a nurse at the hospital Yossarian is staying. She is the â€Å"love of Yossarian’s life† after they have an affair, but she quickly tells Yossarian that she is going to marry a doctor. Chapter 28: Dobbs * Summary: Dobbs created a big scheme to assassinate Coronel Cathcart due to the ridiculous mission requirements rising, but he changes his mind. Orr’s plane went down over the sea on the way to Bologna, faking his death, but his crew and he actually swam safely to shore and escaped to Sweden. * Dobbs: Dobbs was Yossarian’s co-pilot. He is the one who took control of the plane for Huple on the way to Avignon. Chapter 29: Peckem * Summary: General Peckem and Scheisskopf do not get along, but all the men, McWatt, Dunbar, Major Danby, and others, agree that bombing the small mountain town is very vindictive act to do, but Coronel Korn disagrees. * General Peckem: General Peckem is the special operations general who is constantly trying to figure out how to over throw General Dreedle. He finally over throws him, but Lieutenant Scheisskopf is promoted rather than Peckem. Chapter 30: Dunbar * Summary: Dunbar has become crazy from staying in the hospital for so long; falling on his face every morning. Yossarian did not mind McWatt as his pilot, but his foolish act of buzzing the beach sliced Kid Sampson in half. McWatt immediately flew his plane into a nearby mountain; killing himself. * Dunbar: Dunbar is one of Yossarian’s good friends who always manages to cause a scene. He is taken by officials and mysteriously â€Å"disappeared.† Chapter 31: Mrs. Daneeka * Summary: Doc Daneeka was pronounced dead when the plane he was supposed to be on crashed, but despite the fact the squadron knew he was still alive, they sent a letter of condolence to Mrs. Daneeka. Doc Daneeka fought this and sent letters to his wife telling her he was fine, but she loved the money she was receiving for his death more than him; leaving Doc Daneeka unloved and invisible to the men in the squadron. Chapter 32: Yo- Yo’s Roomies * Summary: All of Yossarian’s comrades are either dead or missing, so they are being replaced with new people that are obnoxious and unbearable. Chapter 33: Nately’s Whore * Summary: Yossarian and Nately finally found Nately’s missing whore and convinced the American coronel she was with to give her back, but when Nately brought her home and took care of her, she told him she did not want to stop hustling. * Nately’s Whore: Nately’s whore is a whore that lives in Rome with her little sister in the apartments, but Nately has fallen madly in love with her. She does not like the fact that he tries to control her life; however, when she was heard about Nately’s death from Yossarian, she became vindictive, chasing him around trying to kill him. Chapter 34: Thanksgiving * Summary: The new men in the squadron act recklessly, shooting guns and stabbing each other, but when they wake Yossarian, he goes crazy, badly injured and hospitalized Nately, who was trying to hold him back. Chapter 35: Milo the Militant * Summary: Nately wants to fly more missions so he can be closer to his beloved whore (Yossarian advises him not to volunteer), but Yossarian and Nately were both forced to go on that last mission. There was so much flak, ground fire, that Havermeyer took evasive action, but it was too late; Nately was dead. Chapter 36: The Cellar * Summary: The chaplain was accused of false crimes and took a writing test to prove he was innocent, but they said the test was wrong and he faked his handwriting; leaving the chaplain out of work. Chapter 37: General Scheisskopf * Summary: Peckem believed he was going to fill in as general for Dreedle, but it was discovered that General Scheisskopf was now the heading officer. Chapter 38: Kid Sister * Summary: Yossarian was sent to Rome to relax when he saw Nately’s whore and told her about his death. The whore and her little sister tried killing him and even stalked Yossarian back to Pianosa. * Michela: â€Å"Kid Sister† was Nately’s whore’s twelve year old sister. She constantly imitates her big sister, and follows her everywhere. Chapter 39: The Eternal City * Summary: Yossarian returns to Rome with Milo when they realize the city is in total ruins. Yossarian saw police brutality and drunks all throughout the city, when he saw the 12 year old Michela’s limp body in the street. Yossarian went into the apartment, where Aarfy has raped the young girl and threw her through a window, to tell him he will be arrested for murder, but Yossarian was the one who was arrested, brought back to Coronel Korn, and is told â€Å"go home.† Chapter 40: Catch 22 * Summary: General Scheisskopf and Peckem agreed to send Yossarian home as long as he talked gallantly of them or he would be court marshaled and arrested. Nately’s whore wanted to throw all of her anger at Yossarian, so she took out her wrath by stabbing him when he left the conference. Chapter 41: Snowden * Summary: Yossarian is in surgery, but afterwards he speaks with the chaplain to learn that Hungry Joe had died in his sleep and this begins to trigger the memories of Snowden’s fatal death and his attempt to try and mend his wounded leg, but he gets a lap full of his guts. * Snowden: Snowden was a gunner on the Avignon mission. His death haunts Yossarian throughout the entire novel because it was much worse than he thought it was; spilling guts everywhere. His death killed Yossarian’s courage and gave him a taste of what war really is. Chapter 42: Yossarian * Summary: Major Danby explains the deal is coming along nicely, but Yossarian is going to run away because he had realized that Orr had faked his death to escape the war, as Yossarian does by fleeing to Sweden with Orr. * Yossarian: Yossarian is the novel’s protagonist and hero. He is a captain in the Air Force and a lead bombardier in his squadron, but he hates the war. He believes that everyone is out to kill him, including his own squadron. He is haunted by Snowden’s death. The settings play a major role in all the madness within this novel as well. The two main settings are Pianosa, an island off the coast of Italy, and Rome, Italy in 1944. Joseph Heller could have created any size island he wanted, but he chose to put all of this action on a tiny island. Pianosa is a fictional island that is very small because the size of the island contradicts the large amount of action going on in the novel. Located on the island of Pianosa is the squadron’s base camp, where a lot of the trouble is started. Another major setting in this novel is the air. The planes were always in the air for a mission, and the air is where all the bombs were. Also, the soldiers would often take leave and go to Rome and stay in apartments with the whores. Rome was normal looking until one day Yossarian and Milo go to Rome and it is all in ruins. This time period was 1944, during World War II. The time sequences between all these settings are very disjointed. In the beginning of the novel Yossarian is faking a liver disease when he begins to have flashbacks to Snowden’s death, and the novel jumps before Snowden’s death to after Snowden’s death throughout the whole novel. The time frame of the events going on are at the end of WWII and in the summer of 1944- the winter of 1944 and a flash back to 1942. The main conflict that is tossed throughout the entire book is Catch 22 itself. Within several of the chapters, a catch 22 will appear. The main catch is that of Catch 22. It seemed as though it was Yossarian against the military. Every time Yossarian finds a loop hole, his commanding officers would just tell him to go back to his missions. Yossarian just could not win. When Yossarian was in the hospital with his â€Å"liver disease†, he was forced to go back out to the missions again. He cannot win. Many people cannot stand Yossarian and want him dead. His other main conflict is that it is everyone else against him. These two conflicts intertwine because Yossarian is still fighting for something. Without his life, the military would not have anything to control, so Yossarian’s conflicts go together because without one, the other would not happened. The two climaxes in the novel happen simultaneously. The first occurs when Yossarian is offered a choice: he can either face a court martial or be sent home and talk good about his commanding officers. The second climax, however, occurs as Yossarian has his final flashback about Snowden’s death in which all details are revealed. Yossarian has had a rough life in the military and absolutely hated it with everything he had. The worst experience he has had was the gruesome death of his comrade, Snowden.